3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

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3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

Earth’s crust is a collection of fractured plates that shift across the planet’s surface over millions of years. Two of the major plates meet at the coast of California:. The Pacific Plate:. Under the ocean, is drifting slowly northwest:. Grinding along the margin of the North American Plate, to the east. Where they meet, the intense pressure of the collision creates an 800-mile-long fracture zone called the San Andreas Fault.

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

Much of the length of the fault is lined by a distinct trough. This false-color NASA radar image shows a section of the fault west of San Francisco Bay;. The Crystal Springs Reservoir fills the trough that marks the underlying fault. The black line curving along the east side of the fault is I-280:. And California highway 92 runs from the top right across to the center left of the image:. Heading towards Half Moon Bay to the west. San Mateo and Burlingame are parts of the large urbanized area in various tones of pink and green:. And Foster City is the area of curved streets extending out into the San Francisco Bay at the top right.

The image was captured in November 2008 as part of a campaign to repeatedly collect detailed:. Three-dimensional images of the San Andreas Fault along the same flight path.

The goal is to map which parts of the fault are creeping past each other with little “stickiness,”:. And which parts appear to be locked together places where pent-up stress may be released suddenly in a major earthquake:. By repeatedly collecting images over an identical flight track, scientists can spot places where the topography is visibly deformed.

Ground deformation sometimes just a fraction of inch can indicate that far below the surface, the plates are stuck together.

To read more about NASA’s mission to map the San Andreas and related faults with radar imagery:. Please read Scientists Search for a Pulse in Skies Above Earthquake Country.

Gooble Earth Web: 3D View of San Andreas Fault

NASA image courtesy Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Caption by Rebecca Lindsey, based on the Planetary Photojournal’s image description.

The northern segment of the fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake:. Then up the San Francisco Peninsula:. Where it was first identified by Professor Lawson in 1895:. Then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. (In this region around the San Francisco Bay Area several significant “sister faults” run more-or-less parallel:. And each of these can create significantly destructive earthquakes.):. After that, it runs underwater along the coast until it nears Cape Mendocino:. Where it begins to bend to the west, terminating at the Mendocino Triple Junction.

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3D View of San Andreas Fault - Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery first

Early years

Eleven years later, Lawson discovered that the San Andreas Fault stretched southward into southern California after reviewing the effects of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. This idea, which was considered radical at the time:. Has since been vindicated by modern plate tectonics.

Current research

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3D View of San Andreas Fault Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery 2023

Seismologists discovered that the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield in central California consistently produces a magnitude 6.0 earthquake approximately once every 22 years. Following recorded seismic events in 1857,. 1881,. 1901,. 1922,. 1934,. and 1966,. scientists predicted that another earthquake should occur in Parkfield in 1993. It eventually occurred in 2004. Due to the frequency of predictable activity, Parkfield has become one of the most important areas in the world for large earthquake research.

A 2023 study found a link between the water level in Lake Cahuilla (now the Salton Sea) and seismic activity along the southern San Andreas Fault.

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3D View of San Andreas Fault - Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery San Andreas
3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery San Andreas

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

The study suggests that major earthquakes along this section of the fault coincided with high water levels in the lake. The hydrological load caused by high water levels can more than double the stress on the southern San Andreas Fault, which is likely sufficient for triggering earthquakes. This may explain the abnormally long period of time since the last major earthquake in the region since the lake has dried up.

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3D View of San Andreas Fault - Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery 2023 and 2022
3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery 2023 and 2022

The San Andreas Fault System has been the subject of a flood of studies. In particular, scientific research performed during the last 23 years has given rise to about 3,400 publications.

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

Cascadia connection

A 2008 paper, studying past earthquakes along the Pacific coastal zone, found a correlation in time between seismic events on the northern San Andreas Fault and the southern part of the Cascadia subduction zone (which stretches from Vancouver Island to northern California). Scientists believe quakes on the Cascadia subduction zone may have triggered most of the major quakes on the northern San Andreas within the past 3,000 years. The evidence also shows the rupture direction going from north to south in each of these time-correlated events.

Formation:

The San Andreas began to form in the mid Cenozoic about 30 Mya (million years ago). At this time, a spreading center between the Pacific Plate and the Farallon Plate (which is now mostly subducted, with remnants including the Juan de Fuca Plate, Rivera Plate, Cocos Plate, and the Nazca Plate) was beginning to reach the subduction zone off the western coast of North America. As the relative motion between the Pacific and North American Plates was different from the relative motion between the Farallon and North.

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay imagery

See also:

Earthtopomaps – Cape Verde Archipelago the island chain – 3D

The summary:

At this time, a spreading center between the Pacific Plate and the Farallon Plate (which is now mostly subducted, with remnants including the Juan de Fuca Plate, Rivera Plate, Cocos Plate, and the Nazca Plate) was beginning to reach the subduction zone off the western coast of North America. As the relative motion between the Pacific and North American Plates was different from the relative motion between the Farallon and North.

3D View of San Andreas Fault – Earthtopomaps 3D overlay

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Wikipedia wiki San Andreas Fault

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Revised September 29, 2023

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, Eyes on Earth

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, Eyes on the Earth

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, view a satellite map, Eyes on the Earth

Google recently unveiled a new feature, “Waterways from Earth,” on Google Earth. The program relies on NASA and NOAA images to show our dynamic planet’s waterways from space. Here’s more about the science and stories behind those images.

Google Earth Pro ways that are visible even from space

Remote Rupert Bay in northern Quebec is a place where the majesty and dynamism of fluid dynamics is on display. With several rivers pouring into this nook of James Bay, the collision of river and seawater combines with the churn of tides and the motion of currents to make swirls of colorful fluid that could impress even the most jaded of baristas.

Fluid dynamics on full display

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro 2023

After islands sink, coral remains

Google Earth Pro ways that are visible even from space

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro 2024

NASA’s Earth Observing-1 satellite captured this natural-color image of South Keeling Islands in 2009. Coral atolls which are largely composed of huge colonies of tiny animals such as cnidaria form around islands. After the islands sink, the coral remains, generally forming complete or partial rings. Only some parts of South Keeling Islands still stand above the water surface. In the north, the ocean overtops the coral.

Storm stirs sediment

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro 2025

Category 3 Hurricane Gonzalo passed over Bermuda in 2014, stirring up sediment in the shallow bays and lagoons around the island and spreading a huge mass of sediment across the North Atlantic Ocean.

Stores of calcium carbonate sediments are moved from the shallows to the deep ocean by storms or density flows.

Storm-induced export of carbonate sediments into the deep ocean where they mostly dissolve is a significant process in the ocean’s carbonate and carbon cycles. It’s also important for the eventual neutralization of excess carbon dioxide entering the oceans because of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations from fossil fuel combustion.

The Gulf Stream in infrared

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro 2026

Download Free Kml for Google Earth ( A Lava Lamp Look at the Atlantic )

https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/82000/82649/gulfstream_tir_2013099.kml

The Gulf Stream is an important part of the global ocean conveyor belt that moves water. And heat across the North Atlantic from the equator toward the poles. Stretching from tropical Florida to the doorstep of Europe. This river of water carries a lot of heat, salt and history. It is one of the strongest currents on Earth, and one of the most studied.

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, Eyes on the Earth

This image shows a small portion of the Gulf Stream about 300 miles (500 kilometers) east of Charleston. South Carolina, in infrared.

“Infrared bands measure how much energy is emitted by the surface of the Earth at particular wavelengths,” said:. Matthew Montanaro, a researcher on NASA’s Landsat team. “We can calculate the surface temperature from these measurements through math and some modeling. Essentially, the higher the infrared signal measured, the higher temperature on the surface.”

Waves beneath waves

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro 2027

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, Eyes on the Earth

This photograph, taken in 2013 from the International Space Station (ISS). Shows the north coast of Trinidad and a series of subtle, interacting arcs in the southeastern Caribbean. These are known as “internal waves,” the surface manifestation of slow waves that move well beneath the surface. Internal waves produce enough of an effect on the sea surface to be seen from space, but only where they are enhanced due to sunglint, or reflection of sunlight, back toward the Space Station.

Land of lakes

Overlay satellite images in Google Earth Pro, Eyes on the Earth

During the last Ice Age, nearly all of Canada was covered by massive ice sheets. Thousands of years later, the landscape of Nunavut Territory “our land” in the Inuktitut language – still shows the scars. Surfaces that were scoured by retreating ice and then flooded by Arctic seas are now dotted with millions of lakes, ponds and streams.

This area is frequently referred to as “Barren Grounds” because the soil remains frozen for much of the year, limiting the growth of trees and agriculture. However, looking beyond the “visible” spectrum reveals details from space. This false-color image from our Terra satellite shows vegetation in red, showing that during the summer thaw there is plenty of plant life in the form of lichens, mosses, shrubs and grasses.

3D Model

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See also:

The Continuing Eruption of Mt. Etna Overlay yellow orange

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In summary:

After the islands sink, the coral remains, generally forming complete or partial rings. Only some parts of South Keeling Islands still stand above the water surface.

It’s also important for the eventual neutralization of excess carbon dioxide entering the oceans because of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations from fossil fuel combustion.

Thousands of years later, the landscape of Nunavut Territory “our land” in the Inuktitut language still shows the scars. This area is frequently referred to as “Barren Grounds” because the soil remains frozen for much of the year, limiting the growth of trees and agriculture. However, looking beyond the “visible” spectrum reveals details from space. This false-color image from our Terra satellite shows vegetation in red, showing that during the summer thaw there is plenty of plant life in the form of lichens, mosses, shrubs and grasses. During the last Ice Age, nearly all of Canada was covered by massive ice sheets. Thousands of years later, the landscape of Nunavut Territory “our land” in the Inuktitut language – still shows the scars. Surfaces that were scoured by retreating ice and then flooded by Arctic seas are now dotted with millions of lakes, ponds and streams.

Lake Natron, Tanzania

Earthtopomaps.com

Revised October 01, 2023

Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut Arctic Canada – Earth topo maps

Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut Arctic Canada – Earthtopomaps

Axel Heiberg Island is located in the Arctic Ocean ( Nunavut, Canada ). It has a total area of 43178 km2 ( 16671 mi2 ). Ranking it the world’s 31st largest and Canada’s 7th largest island.

The island is famous for its fossil forest:.

( A former high-latitude wetland forest with tall trees ) dating back from the Eocene era:. ( 56 to 34 million years ago ). Due to the lack of mineralization in the specimens, the forests’ fossilization is more like mummification. The island’s warm climate allowed its trees to reach heights of up to 35 m ( 115 ft. ):. And age between 500 – 1000 years.

In summer 1986, a Canadian expedition started the fossil forest’s investigation. In 1999 started a project for the preservation of the fossil wood since due to erosion many of the fossils were already exposed and damaged.

Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut Arctic Canada – Earthtopomaps

There were even concerns that some of the fossils were being taken by cruise ship tourists:. And that the island was being disturbed by military helicopters from a nearby Canadian base.

Currently, there is a plan for establishing the Napaaqtulik National Park, which name in Inuit means ” where there are trees “. Along with the tree fossils. On Axel Heiberg Island were also discovered remarkably preserved animal fossils:. Including an Aurorachelys turtle from the Cretaceous period ( from 145 – 66 million years ago ).

Glaciation

White Glacier is a valley glacier occupying 38.7 km2 (14.9 sq mi) in the Expedition Fiord area of Axel Heiberg Island ( 79°30′N 090°50′W ). It extends in elevation from 56 to 1,782 m ( 184 to 5,846 ft ) above sea level. A range which, as noted by Dyurgerov (2002):. Is exceeded only by Devon Ice Cap in the world list of glaciers with measured mass balance. Ice thickness reaches or exceeds 400 m (1,300 ft).

Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut Arctic Canada – Earthtopomaps

Its maximum extension in recent history:. Marking the advance of the glacier in response to the cooling of the Little Ice Age and more probably at the beginning of the 20th century.

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Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut
Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut

There is evidence that the retreat of the terminus, previously at about 5 m (16 ft) per year, is decelerating (Cogley et al. 1996a; Cogley and Adams 2000). White Glacier has been the subject of many papers in the glaciological literature since 1960, e.g. Müller ( 1962 ) was the source of a now-classical diagram elaborating and illustrating the concept of “glacier facies”.

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Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut
Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut

Today we’ve started to roll out updated map layers in Google Earth Pro on desktop. With this change we are removing some outdated data in Earth Pro, as well as making improvements to keep maps layer data more consistent with other Google products like Maps and Earth web and mobile.

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Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut
Axel Heiberg Island Nunavut

See also:

The Erebus Glacier in Antarctica comes down from Mt-Erebus

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Axel Heiberg Island | The Canadian Encyclopedia

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Revised October 2, 2023