earthtopomaps Earthtopomaps

B) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

Forest and woodland are represented as grey tones from Channel 5 in this TM scene, collected in 1998. Other colors indicate the first year in which a site was developed for agriculture:. (See color scale in the image:. Which corresponds to years of development).

Large Image: 8192 X 4006 ( click on the image to enlarge )

Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas 12 2013

Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas Palette

In this scene, land use types are delineated with lines. Solid white lines show the locations of planned colonies, dashed white lines show spontaneous colonies:.

And dotted white lines show Mennonite colonies. All other regions of development are non-Mennonite industrial soybean farms.

Natural vegetation formations in this image are delineated with black lines. Solid black lines show the locations of Northern Chaco Woodlands and dashed black lines show Cerrado regions.

For more information, see this previous Image of the Day regarding Bolivian deforestation.

This image from Landsat7, acquired on August 1, 2000, shows the new agricultural settlements east of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia in an area of tropical dry forest.

Since the mid-1980s, this region has been rapidly deforested as a result of the resettlement of people from the Altiplano (the Andean high plains) and a large agricultural development effort, called the Tierras Baja project. The pie or radial patterned fields (left) are part of the San Javier resettlement scheme. At the center of each unit is a small community including a church, bar/cafe, school, and soccer field-the essentials of life in rural Bolivia. The rectilinear, light-colored areas (right) are fields of soybeans cultivated for export that are mostly funded by foreign loans. The dark strips running through these fields are wind breaks. These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Large Image: 8192 X 4006 ( click on the image to enlarge )

Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas

Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas Palette

C) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

C) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

D) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

E) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

F) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

G) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

H) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

I) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

J) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

K) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

L) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

M) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

N) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

O) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

P) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Q) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

U) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

R) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

S) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

T) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

W) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

V) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

X) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Y) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Z) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

V) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

X) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Y) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Z) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

V) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

X) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Y) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

Z) These are advantageous because the soils in this area are fine and prone to wind erosion.

M) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

N) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

O) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

P) Earthtopomaps – Deforestation in Tierras Bajas, Bolivia

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Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary of the Eruption of Mt. St. Helens Download KML

(Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary). 12 1978

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(Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary). 03 1980

Large Image: 8192 X 4006 ( click on the image to enlarge )

In mid-March 1980, a series of small earthquakes began shaking the ground at Mt. St. Helens in southern Washington.

Over the next two months, the northern flank of the mountain was deformed by a large bulge—a sign that upwelling magma was pushing up on the rock from below. On the morning of May 18, an earthquake caused the entire north flank of the volcano to collapse in a massive avalanche. Relieved of the overlying pressure, the volcano ejected a blast of rocks, ash, gas, and steam that blew down and buried several hundred square miles of forest.

Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary of the Eruption of Mt. St. Helens Download KML

(Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary). August 29, 1979

This trio of false-color Landsat satellite images is part of a 30-year time series documenting the destruction and recovery at Mt. St. Helens.

Vegetation is red, bare rock and volcanic debris are gray, and clear water is dark blue. (In the complete time series, images from 1984 onward are in photo-like natural color.) The 1979 view (top) shows the snow-covered summit of the perfectly shaped stratovolcano, and the mixture of forest types surrounding the mountain. The darkest red areas are likely undisturbed forests (e.g., north of the volcano), while to the east is a patchwork of forest and logging clear cuts. Lighter red vegetation northwest and west of the volcano are probably tree plantations.

(Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary). September 24, 1980

The image from September 24, 1980 (middle), shows the devastation of the May 18 eruption.

The northern flank of the mountain collapsed, producing the largest landslide in recorded history. The avalanche buried 14 miles (23 kilometers) of the North Fork Toutle River with an average of 150 feet (46 meters)—but in places up to 600 feet (180 meters)—of rocks, dirt, and trees. The blast spread rock and ash (gray in the images) over 230 square miles (600 square kilometers). A raft of dead trees floats across Spirit Lake. Volcanic mudflows (lahars) poured down rivers and gullies around the intact flanks.

(Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary). September 10, 2009

Three decades later, the image from September 10, 2009, shows the recovery in the blast zone. Most of the landscape within the blast zone has at least a tinge of red, meaning vegetation has recolonized the ground. The flanks of the volcano itself are still bare, as is a broad expanse north of the volcano called the Pumice Plain.

Directly in the path of the landslide and several pyroclastic flows, this area has been slowest to recover.

Ground surveys, however, have found even this seemingly barren area is coming back to life: the first plant to re-appear was a prairie lupine, which can take nitrogen—a critical plant nutrient—straight from the air rather than from the soil. These small wildflowers begin the crucial task of rebuilding the soil and attracting insects and herbivores. This process is underway on the Pumice Plain, even though it is not yet visible from space.

Earthtopomaps – 30th Anniversary of the Eruption of Mt. St. Helens Download KML

NASA images by Robert Simmon, based on Landsat 2,3, and 5 data. Animation by Jennifer Shoemaker. Caption by Rebecca Lindsey.

30th Anniversary of the Eruption of Mt. St. Helens Download KML for Google Earth

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The darkest red areas are likely undisturbed forests (e.g., north of the volcano). While to the east is a patchwork of forest and logging clear cuts. Three decades later, the image from September 10, 2009. Most of the landscape within the blast zone has at least a tinge of red. The flanks of the volcano itself are still bare.

As is a broad expanse north of the volcano called the Pumice Plain.

Ground surveys, however, have found even this seemingly barren area is coming back to life:. Which can take nitrogen—a critical plant nutrient—straight from the air rather than from the soil. This process is underway on the Pumice Plain, even though it is not yet visible from space.